這是什麼
古今中外哲學家的互動地圖。目前收錄 235 位，每位以出生地標於一張去主權化的底圖上。
- 顏色 = 思想傳統（歐洲／中國／希臘／伊斯蘭／印度／猶太／非洲…）
- 大小 = k 值（被幾個權威來源收錄，越大越是跨傳統共識的核心）
- 時間軸：拉桿停在某年，只顯示該年在世者，並浮現當年的政體邊界
- 點釘針：看生平簡介、「收錄依據」（哪幾個來源收了他）、當年此地屬何政體、著作、生涯軌跡
重疊的人點群會聚合；點一下散開，再點一個人就凸顯他、其餘淡化（可在左側圖例關閉「聚焦」）。
喜歡這張地圖？到 GitHub 給顆星 ⭐，或分享出去——讓更多人找到自己的哲學家。
What this is
An interactive map of philosophers across history and cultures. Currently 235 figures, each pinned at their birthplace on a de-sovereignized basemap.
- Colour = intellectual tradition (European / Chinese / Greek / Islamic / Indian / Jewish / African…)
- Size = k (how many authoritative sources list them; larger = stronger cross-tradition consensus)
- Timeline: stop the scrubber on a year to show only those alive then, with that year's polity borders
- Click a pin: biography, "why included" (which sources list them), what polity the place belonged to that year, works, career path
Overlapping pins cluster; click to fan them out; selecting one highlights it and dims the rest (turn "Focus" off in the legend).
Like this map? Star it on GitHub ⭐ or share it — help more people find their philosophers.
方法論
核心一句話：不定義「哲學家是什麼」，改用可複現的程序判定。「哲學家」的家族相似性會拆掉任何本質定義（蘇格拉底、龍樹、王陽明、卡繆——沒有一條性質同時涵蓋且只涵蓋他們）。所以我們不下定義，只宣告程序與來源：有人問「憑什麼收他」，答案是「這是我們宣告的程序與來源；有不同看法，歡迎就程序與來源討論、修正」。
收錄規則（誰會上圖）
一個人要出現在圖上，須全部滿足：
- 已故且過世滿 20 年（卒年 ≤ 當前年 − 20，隨年滾動）；在世者不收。
- 進入母體：Wikidata 標為哲學家（P106），或被任一權威正典來源（SEP／IEP／馮友蘭／勞思光／Routledge）收錄。
- k ≥ 2：被至少兩個獨立來源收錄（每來源一票，Wikidata 專屬條目也算一票）。
- 身份可解析：能對到唯一 Wikidata 實體；無法消歧者標
unresolved、不上圖。
排除：在世者、僅一票（k=1）者、無法消歧者。以下四節是這套規則背後的理由與程序。
一、聯邦正典
不用單一標準線篩全世界（那必然偷渡西方學術品味）。改讓多個權威來源各自的成員清單聯集生出母體：
- Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy（SEP）、Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy（IEP）
- 馮友蘭《中國哲學簡史》、勞思光《新編中國哲學史》（中文傳統的史學定義）
- Routledge Philosophers 書系、Wikidata（P106＝哲學家）
每個傳統用自己的史學定義。韓非在 SEP 沒有獨立條目、卻在 IEP 與中文正典裡是核心——聯邦制讓他不會因為「西方沒收」就被歸零。
二、k 值與收錄
k = 某人被幾個來源收錄（每本書／每個機構一票；同一來源多型別取最高、不重複計）。
- k ≥ 2 才上圖（K_MIN）。k 越高＝跨來源、跨傳統的共識越強：k=5 者（孔孟老莊荀朱王）是中西雙方史學都認定的核心。
- 沉澱期（正典化時滯）：只收已故且過世滿 20 年者——即卒年 ≤ 當前年 − 20，隨年滾動。剛過世的哲學家，權威來源尚未沉澱、正典未成形，故不收；在世者更不收。（以 2026 為準＝卒年 ≤ 2006；圖上最晚是 2004 年過世的德希達。）
- k 與 centrality 完全由程序推導，禁止手填——這是最硬的規則，發現手填即視為 bug。你點釘針看到的「收錄依據」就是這串證據鏈。
三、去主權化的地圖
- 底圖不畫現代國界；只在你選定年份時，顯示那一年的歷史政體邊界（隨拉桿變動，看帝國興滅）。
- 不存「今屬國家」。一個地點記錄的是它的政體史（多段）：康德的柯尼斯堡歷經條頓騎士團→普魯士→德意志帝國→蘇聯→俄羅斯，五個政體、四種主權，全不相同。
- 座標是中性錨點（點亮哪裡），對「歸誰」一字不提。投影用等距圓柱，只靠點位置不靠面積。
四、誠實護欄
- 留白勝過填錯：不確定的座標、譯名、政體寧可空著，禁止 agent 自行查維基硬填。
- 偏誤誠實標示：來源偏英語圈，圖例明列各傳統人數（歐洲 152 佔多數，這是來源結構，不藏）。
- 歷史邊界與部分政體序列是機器推導、快照近似，非權威定論——每筆都標出處。
Methodology
The core idea in one line: we don't define "what a philosopher is" — we judge by a reproducible procedure. The family resemblance of "philosopher" defeats any essentialist definition (Socrates, Nāgārjuna, Wang Yangming, Camus — no single property covers all and only them). So we make no definition; we declare a procedure and its sources. If someone asks "why include this person," the answer is: "here is the procedure and the sources we declared; if you disagree, let's discuss and revise the procedure and sources."
Inclusion rules (who appears)
To appear on the map a figure must satisfy all of:
- Deceased for at least 20 years (year of death ≤ current year − 20, rolling); the living are not included.
- Enters the pool: tagged a philosopher on Wikidata (P106), or listed by any authoritative canon source (SEP / IEP / Feng Youlan / Lao Sze-kwang / Routledge).
- k ≥ 2: listed by at least two independent sources (one vote per source; a dedicated Wikidata entity counts as a vote).
- Identity resolvable: maps to a unique Wikidata entity; anything ambiguous is marked
unresolved and left off the map.
Excluded: the living, single-vote (k=1) figures, and the unresolvable. The four sections below are the reasoning and procedure behind these rules.
1 · A federal canon
We don't filter the whole world through one threshold (that inevitably smuggles in Western academic taste). Instead the pool is the union of each authoritative source's own membership list:
- Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (SEP), Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy (IEP)
- Feng Youlan, A Short History of Chinese Philosophy; Lao Sze-kwang, New History of Chinese Philosophy (the Chinese tradition's own historiography)
- The Routledge Philosophers series; Wikidata (P106 = philosopher)
Each tradition uses its own historiographic definition. Han Fei has no dedicated SEP entry, yet is central in IEP and the Chinese canon — federalism keeps him from being zeroed out just because "the West didn't include him."
2 · k and inclusion
k = how many sources list a person (one vote per book / institution; within one source, the highest entry type wins, no double counting).
- k ≥ 2 to appear (K_MIN). Higher k = stronger cross-source, cross-tradition consensus: the k=5 figures (Confucius, Mencius, Laozi, Zhuangzi, Xunzi, Zhu Xi, Wang Yangming) are core to both Chinese and Western historiography.
- Canonization lag: only figures dead at least 20 years — i.e. death year ≤ current year − 20, rolling. Recently deceased philosophers haven't yet settled into the canon, so they're excluded; the living all the more so. (As of 2026 = death ≤ 2006; the latest on the map is Derrida, d. 2004.)
- k and centrality are fully program-derived; hand-filling is forbidden — the hardest rule; a hand-filled value is treated as a bug. The "why included" list you see on a pin is that evidence chain.
3 · A de-sovereignized map
- The basemap draws no modern borders; only when you pick a year does it show that year's historical polity borders (shifting with the scrubber — watch empires rise and fall).
- No "current country" is stored. A place records its polity history (multi-segment): Kant's Königsberg passed through the Teutonic Order → Prussia → the German Empire → the USSR → Russia — five polities, four sovereignties, none the same.
- Coordinates are neutral anchors (where to light up), silent on "who it belongs to." The projection is equirectangular — position only, never area.
4 · Honesty guardrails
- Blank beats wrong: uncertain coordinates, translated names, or polities are left blank rather than guessed; agents may not fill from Wikipedia on their own.
- Bias shown honestly: the sources skew Anglophone, so the legend lists each tradition's count openly (European dominates — that's the source structure, not hidden).
- Historical borders and some polity sequences are machine-derived, snapshot-approximate, not authoritative rulings — each is labelled with its provenance.
歡迎一起貢獻
這是一張公共的、可討論的地圖。收錄名單、譯名、座標、政體、著作——都歡迎補充與指正。原則只有一條：討論對準程序與來源，而非個人好惡。
資料即檔案，爭議即 PR。
- 每位哲學家 = 一個 JSON 檔（
data/philosophers/{QID}.json），通過 schema 驗證。
- 要新增某人、爭議收錄、補譯名／座標／政體／著作 → 改對應 JSON、開 Pull Request。
- 認為漏收了誰？指出他在哪個權威來源（SEP／IEP／某本哲學史…）被收錄即可——程序會把他納入。
- 所有中文一律繁體；k、centrality、座標、政體由程序推導，勿手改。
CI 自動驗證 schema、偵測簡體字、檢查 k／centrality 自洽。
不會用 Git？規劃中會接上表單式後台（見「路線圖」），讓你用瀏覽器填表就能提交，不必碰指令列。
Contributions welcome
This is a public, discussable map. The inclusion list, translated names, coordinates, polities, works — all corrections and additions are welcome. There is one principle: argue about the procedure and the sources, not personal taste.
Data is files; disputes are pull requests.
- Each philosopher = one JSON file (
data/philosophers/{QID}.json), validated against the schema.
- To add someone, contest an inclusion, or supply a name / coordinate / polity / work → edit the relevant JSON and open a pull request.
- Think someone is missing? Point to which authoritative source (SEP / IEP / a history of philosophy…) lists them — the procedure will take them in.
- All Chinese must be Traditional; k, centrality, coordinates and polities are program-derived — don't edit them by hand.
CI automatically validates the schema, detects simplified characters, and checks that k / centrality are self-consistent.
Don't use Git? A form-based back end is planned (see "Roadmap") so you can submit from a browser form without touching the command line.
路線圖
這份清單能走多遠，某種程度上取決於有多少人覺得它值得存在。每一顆 GitHub ⭐ 都是一個訊號，告訴我這件事還值得繼續做下去。
資料
- 擴充非西方傳統：印度（Potter 百科）、伊斯蘭（Brill）、日本（Heisig）等來源納入，緩解英語圈偏誤。
- 政體序列精修：名稱正規化（Ming／Qing 等）、補西元前古代政體、找更細的歷史邊界來源。
- 著作驗證：中文經典接 ctext 交叉驗證 works。
貢獻管道
- 表單式後台（Sveltia CMS）：讓沒有 Git 經驗的人用瀏覽器表單編輯、自動開 PR；衍生欄位（k／座標／政體）鎖定不可手填。
- 免帳號回報：表單→GitHub issue 橋接，讓路過的人也能指出錯誤或漏收。
介面
- 生涯軌跡動畫、cluster 依主導年代上色的切換、行動裝置版面優化。
有想法？歡迎到 GitHub Issues 提案。說清楚「在什麼情境下、你會希望有這個功能」，比單純描述功能本身更有說服力。
Roadmap
How far this list travels depends, in part, on how many people find the map worth their time. A GitHub ⭐ is the lightest signal you can send — it tells me the work still means something to someone.
Data
- Expand non-Western traditions: add sources like Potter's encyclopedia (Indian), Brill (Islamic), Heisig (Japanese) to ease the Anglophone bias.
- Refine polity sequences: normalize names (Ming / Qing, etc.), add pre-CE ancient polities, find finer historical-border sources.
- Verify works: cross-check Chinese classics against ctext.
Contribution channels
- Form-based back end (Sveltia CMS): let people without Git edit through a browser form and auto-open PRs; derived fields (k / coordinates / polity) locked against hand-editing.
- Account-free reports: a form→GitHub-issue bridge so passers-by can flag errors or omissions.
Interface
- Career-path animation, a toggle to colour clusters by dominant era, further mobile refinements.
Have an idea? Open a GitHub Issue. Describing the situation where you'd want a feature is more persuasive than describing the feature itself.
關於作者
Zaious — AI Agent 架構師 · 獨立 HCI 研究者
獨立研究者暨 AI Agent 架構師，在理論思辨與親手打造系統之間搭橋。目前正努力灌溉哲學技能點，走在通往「AI 哲學家」的路上。
LinkedIn ｜ GitHub Repo
資料來源
- Wikidata（CC0）— 母體、生卒、座標、多語名、著作
- Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy、Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- 馮友蘭《中國哲學簡史》、勞思光《新編中國哲學史》、Routledge Philosophers 書系
- Natural Earth（CC0）— 海岸線、河流、湖泊
- historical-basemaps（CC-BY-SA）— 時代同步的歷史政體邊界（近似、快照粒度）
歷史邊界與部分政體序列為機器推導、快照近似，非權威定論；現代年份的爭議邊界為資料集自身之描繪。
About the author
Zaious — AI Agent Architect · Independent HCI Researcher
An independent researcher and AI agent architect bridging theoretical inquiry with hands-on system design. Currently watering a philosophy skill tree — on the road to becoming an AI philosopher.
LinkedIn · GitHub Repo
Data sources
- Wikidata (CC0) — the pool, birth/death, coordinates, multilingual names, works
- Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Feng Youlan, A Short History of Chinese Philosophy; Lao Sze-kwang, New History of Chinese Philosophy; the Routledge Philosophers series
- Natural Earth (CC0) — coastlines, rivers, lakes
- historical-basemaps (CC-BY-SA) — era-synced historical polity borders (approximate, snapshot granularity)
Historical borders and some polity sequences are machine-derived and snapshot-approximate, not authoritative; contested modern-year borders are the dataset's own depiction.